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Shulgi-simti is an important example of a woman involved in sponsoring religious activities though having a family life. An Ox of One's Own will be of interest to Assyriologists, particularly those interested in Early Mesopotamia, and scholars working on women in religion. An Ox of One's Own centers on the archive of a woman who died about 2050 B.C., one of King Shulgi's many wives. Her birth name is unknown, but when she married, she became Shulgi-simti, "Suitable for Shulgi." Attested for only about 15 years, she existed among a court filled with other wives, who probably outranked her. A religious foundation was run on her behalf whereby courtiers, male and female, donated livestock for sacrifices to an unusual mix of goddesses and gods.Previous scholarship has declared this a rare example of a queen conducting women's religion, perhaps unusual because they say she came from abroad. The conclusions of this book are quite different.An Ox of One's Own lays out the evidence that another woman was queen at this time in Nippur while Shulgi-simti lived in Ur and was a third-ranking concubine at best, with few economic resources. Shulgi-simti's religious exercises concentrated on a quartet of north Babylonian goddesses.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Opening Lectures -- "He put in order the accounts …" -- Être chef d'un état amorrite -- City Administration in the Ancient Near East -- Administration in Texts from the First Sealand Dynasty -- City Administration in Poetry -- Between City Institutions and Markets: -- L'administration de Chagar Bazar (Ašnakkum) à l'époque de Samsi-Addu -- How to Control Nomads? -- The Sargonic "Archive" of Me-sag, Cup-bearer of Adab -- Le hazannu à Mari et sur le Moyen-Euphrate -- From Oral Promise to Written Receipt -- Verschenkte Städte - Königliche Landschenkungen an Götter und Menschen -- Hazannum: The Forgotten Mayor -- Städtische Selbstverwaltung und sozial-politischer Gemeindesektor in Phönikien und Syrien -- The Role of the hazannu in the Neo-Assyrian Empire -- The City-Administration of Ugarit -- New Light from an Unpublished Archive of Meskigalla, Ensi of Adab, Housed in the Cornell University Collections -- Professions and Labor in the Ur III Period -- A Babylonian Gang of Potters -- What Work Did the Damgars Do? -- Towards a Definition of Ur III Labor -- Administration of the Irrigation Fee in Umma during the Ur III Period (ca. 2112-2004 BCE) -- Abbreviations of Periodicals, Reference Works, Series, and Sources.

Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- I. Archaeology: light out of the shadows of past ages? -- Woolley's Pit F and the SIS -- Woolley's Jamdat Nasr Cemetery (JNC) and the SIS -- So what? -- II. Inscribed seals from archaic Ur -- III. The city of Ur at the beginning of the third millennium: images and signs, words and notions in seals -- ARCHAICA -- AMOR -- Banquet scenes -- Dance scenes -- Birthing scenes -- Coitus scenes -- AMOR: Emblems -- LABOR -- Herding -- Combat -- Humans at work -- HONOR -- Honour to gods -- Honour to communities -- Honour to princes -- DOLOR -- Waters of death? -- HIC SUNT LEONES -- Voices and images of the past: Signs of proto-cuneiform writing within seal iconography of archaic Ur -- UR2 -- DIN -- KAK -- As time goes by: archaic Ur seal imagery within the development of Sumerian glyptic, c. 3500-2200 B.C. -- The ancestral experience: Late Uruk - Jemdet Nasr glyptic -- The inheritors of archaic Ur: later third-millenium Sumerian glyptic -- IV. The city of Ur at the beginning of the third millennium: summary of written and archaeological evidence -- The city of Ur in the incipient third millennium -- Subsistence -- Technology -- Trade, change, innovation -- Society -- Management -- Metaphysics -- V. Conclusions -- References cited -- Concordance of excavation numbers of objects included in the text of this book -- Concordance of museum numbers of objects included in the text of this book -- Cuneiform texts cited herewith -- Sumerian signs and names -- Akkadian words and phrases -- Eblaite phrases -- Hurrian words -- Register of Anepigraphic Seals Published in UE III and Referred to in this Book -- Register.

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